Blood Pressure and Hemodynamic Adaptations after a Training Program in Young Individuals with Down Syndrome

BACKGROUND Cardiovascular diseases affect people worldwide. Individuals with Down Syndrome (DS) have an up to sixteen-time greater risk of mortality from cardiovascular diseases. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effects of aerobic and resistance exercises on blood pressure and hemodynamic variables of young individuals with DS. METHODS A total of 29 young individuals with DS participated in the study. They were divided into two groups: aerobic training (AT) (n = 14), and resistance training (TR) (n = 15). Their mean age was 15.7 ± 2.82 years. The training program lasted 12 weeks, and had a frequency of three times a week for AT and twice a week for RT. AT was performed in treadmill/ bicycle ergometer, at an intensity between 50%-70% of the HR reserve. RT comprised nine exercises with three sets of 12 repetition-maximum. Systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), mean blood pressure (MBP) and hemodynamic variables were assessed beat-to-beat using the Finometer device before/after the training program. Descriptive analysis, the Shapiro-Wilk test to check the normality of data, and the two-way ANOVA for repeated measures were used to compare pre- and post-training variables. The Pearson's correlation coefficient was calculated to correlate hemodynamic variables. The SPSS version 18.0 was used with the significance level set at p < 0.05. RESULTS After twelve weeks of aerobic and/or resistance training, significant reductions in variables SBP, DBP and MBP were observed. CONCLUSION This study suggests a chronic hypotensive effect of moderate aerobic and resistance exercises on young individuals with DS.